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Formula

Terms/Facts

• SG = Technically is Specific Gravity.
• SG/CG/FG = Starting/Current/Final Gravity.
• HSG = Honey SG.
• Attenuation = Percent of sugars converted to Alcohol/CO2 by yeast
• Honey's SG is aprox .008 per lb/us gallon.
• Honey has an average specific gravity of 1.41, which gives it a weight of about 11 pounds, l2 ounces to the gallon.
• Water's SG is 1.
• 128 US oz in 1 US gallon, 25.3 US oz in 750 ml bottle
• Sufficient heat pasteurization of honey may be achieved in as little as 1 minute at 155F.
• The minimum threshold for Sulfite sanitation is 70 ppm, which equates to 0.4 grams per gallon at pH 3.5.
• Use "Spring Water" if using bottled water, not distilled or purified. You don't want chlorine, but you do want the natural minerals.
• http://www.unitconversion.org/

Types of Mead

• Hydromel(Traditional) = Honey & Water
• Cyser(Apple Melomel) = Honey & Apples
• Pyment(Grape Melomel) = Honey & Grapes
• Melomel = Honey & Any Fruit
• Metheglin = Honey & Spices/Herbs
• Rhodomel = Honey & Rose Petals
• Braggot = Honey & Malt
• Mixed = Honey & Two or More

Sweetness Scale

• Converted Sweetness Scale (fg/gallon)

Scale	Impression	Gravity
0	Very Dry	0.990-1.003
1-2	Dry	1.003-1.011
3-4	Medium	1.011-1.018
5-6	Sweet	1.018-1.026
7-10	Very Sweet	1.026-1.041

• Wine Sweetness Code (grams/litre)

Scale	Impression	Grams/Litre
0	Dry	0-5
1-2	Off Dry	5-25
3-4	Medium	25-45
5-6	Sweet	45-65
7-10	Very Sweet	65-105

• http://www.bcliquorstores.com/en/mattersoftaste/expertadvice/sweetnesscode

Specific Gravity

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_%28beer%29
• (#) lbs honey/gallon * total gallons.
• (4 * 5) = 20
• ALWAYS confirm your SG before pitching yeast to adjust your Honey SG effect below.
• SG - 1 / total lbs of honey = HSG.
• 1.160 - 1 / 20 = .008
   

Per notes from Hightest (http://forum.northernbrewer.com/viewtopic.php?t=42377) on determining a Specific Gravity backwards based on voulme required to fill one pound (in milliliters)

• SG = σx / σ H20 (@4°C)
• Water @ 4°C(39°F) is 62.43 Lbm / ft3.
• Water @ 20°C(68°F) is 62.29 Lbm/ft3.
• So all that is needed is to find the density of your test fluid. Assuming your weight & volumeteric measurements are reasonably accurate, the answer may be found using unit analysis:
• σx = (1 Lbm/500 ml )(1000 ml/L)(L/0.03532ft3) = 56.625 Lbm /Ft3
• Thus, depending on the temperature, the SG is: SG = 56.625/62.43 = 0.9070, which means your test fluid is ~9.3% lighter than water.
• So, in laymens terms: (1/x)*(1000)/(0.03532) where x is the volume in milliliters of your liquid. Divide that by 62.43 to determine an aproximate Specific Gravity.

Brix

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brix
• Basic Conversion: SG = 1 +(0.004 x Brix)
• True Conversion: SG = 1.000019 + [0.003865613(Brix) + 0.00001296425(Brix) + 0.00000005701128(Brix)]

Specific Gravity	Brix
0.990	0.00
0.991	0.00
0.992	0.00
0.993	0.00
0.994	0.00
0.995	0.00
0.996	0.00
0.997	0.00
0.998	0.00
0.999	0.00
1.000	0.00
1.001	0.26
1.002	0.51
1.003	0.77
1.004	1.03
1.005	1.28
1.006	1.54
1.007	1.80
1.008	2.05
1.009	2.31
1.010	2.56
1.011	2.81
1.012	3.07
1.013	3.32
1.014	3.57
1.015	3.82
1.016	4.08
1.017	4.33
1.018	4.58
1.019	4.83
1.020	5.08
1.021	5.33
1.022	5.57
1.023	5.82
1.024	6.07
1.025	6.32
1.026	6.57
1.027	6.81
1.028	7.06
1.029	7.30
1.030	7.55
1.031	7.80
1.032	8.04
1.033	8.28
1.034	8.53
1.035	8.77
1.036	9.01
1.037	9.26
1.038	9.50
1.039	9.74
1.040	9.98
1.041	10.22
1.042	10.46
1.043	10.70
1.044	10.94
1.045	11.18
1.046	11.42
1.047	11.66
1.048	11.90
1.049	12.14
1.050	12.37
1.051	12.61
1.052	12.85
1.053	13.08
1.054	13.32
1.055	13.55
1.056	13.79
1.057	14.02
1.058	14.26
1.059	14.49
1.060	14.72
1.061	14.96
1.062	15.19
1.063	15.42
1.064	15.65
1.065	15.88
1.066	16.11
1.067	16.34
1.068	16.57
1.069	16.80
1.070	17.03
1.071	17.26
1.072	17.49
1.073	17.72
1.074	17.95
1.075	18.18
1.076	18.40
1.077	18.63
1.078	18.86
1.079	19.08
1.080	19.31
1.081	19.53
1.082	19.76
1.083	19.98
1.084	20.21
1.085	20.43
1.086	20.65
1.087	20.88
1.088	21.10
1.089	21.32
1.090	21.54
1.091	21.77
1.092	21.99
1.093	22.21
1.094	22.43
1.095	22.65
1.096	22.87
1.097	23.09
1.098	23.31
1.099	23.53
1.100	23.75
1.101	23.96
1.102	24.18
1.103	24.40
1.104	24.62
1.105	24.83
1.106	25.05
1.107	25.27
1.108	25.48
1.109	25.70
1.110	25.91
1.111	26.13
1.112	26.34
1.113	26.56
1.114	26.77
1.115	26.98
1.116	27.20
1.117	27.41
1.118	27.62
1.119	27.83
1.120	28.05
1.121	28.26
1.122	28.47
1.123	28.68
1.124	28.89
1.125	29.10
1.126	29.31
1.127	29.52
1.128	29.73
1.129	29.94
1.130	30.15

Attenuation

• Attenuation: A% = [(SG-FG)/(SG-1)] x 100
• [(1.160-1.045)/(1.160-1)] x 100 = 71.875%

Calories

• 851*[(SG - 1)*(SG + 3)] = C per 12oz
• 851*[(1.160 - 1) * (1.160 + 3)] = 556.4256 per 12 oz

Alcohol by Volume (ABV)

• (SG - FG) * 125 = % ABV
• 1.160 - 1.045 = 0.115 x 125 = 14.375% ABV.

I have also seen this:

• (SG - FG)/0.00738 = % ABV
• 1.160 - 1.045 = 0.115 / 0.00738 = 15.582% ABV.